SMFM Fetal Anomalies Consult Series #4: Genitourinary anomalies
Abnormalities of the genitourinary system are among the most common fetal structural malformations. Such anomalies range from mild (eg, mild urinary tract dilation) to severe life-threatening anomalies (eg, bilateral renal agenesis).
This consult series reviews the ultrasonographic diagnosis, genetic evaluation, and potential treatment and outcome of the following genitourinary abnormalities:
- adrenal neuroblastoma
- autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- bladder outlet obstruction
- duplicated collecting system
- ectopic ureterocele
- hydroureter
- hypospadias
- multicystic dysplastic kidney
- ovarian cyst
- pelvic kidney
- renal agenesis
- renal pelvic dilation
- urinoma
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